
















# . 1 ^-^' -^ '•»o ^v V V .. "^ ' 



i.^^^ 



^^* ^-^"^ ^<^^ »:^ ^ 










-'0* .'"'i'^ia". 'o' 



"- ./*:ri^'\. .^"^/^i-^^ .AijJ^^^ c^ 




,rr\34<^ 



c 



OMMEMORATION OF THE 
FOURTH CENTENARY 
OF THE DISCOVERY 
OF AMERICA 



MADRID, 
1892 



■^>A.-. Co 



vv\- 



10 tV\^ /NAa^rii. ex'pL 




U ■ I \ 



,V\i 



Commemoration of tbc jfourtb Centenary? 

OF THE 

H)i6COvcri5 of Hmerica, 



Commission of the United States of America 

FOR THE 

Columbian Historical Exposition 
IN Madrid. 



Rear Admiral S. B. Luce, U. S. Navy, 

commissioner general. 



Smithsonian Institution, 



Iames C. Welling, LL. D. WASHINGTON CiTY, 

George Brown Goode, LL. D. 

commissioners. June i, 1892. 



Circular of Announcement. 

IN ACCORDANCE with an Act of Congress, approved May 
13, 1892, the President has appointed a Commission to 
represent the United States at the Commemoration of the 
Fourth Centenary of the Discovery of America, to take place in 
Spain in the latter part of the present year. 

The Spanish Government, in pursuance of the Royal Decree 
of January 9, 1891, has provided for a series of International 
celebrations, most prominent among which will be two 
historical Expositions to be held in Madrid simultaneously and 
in adjacent buildings — one the ExposicionHistorico-Americana, 
the other the Exposicion Historico-Europea. 

It is intended that the Historic-American Exposition shall 
illustrate the civilization of the New Continent in the Pre- 
Columbian, Columbian and Post-Columbian Periods, while in 
the Historic-European Exposition will be shown the civilization 
of Europe, and particularly of the Iberian Peninsula, at the 
time when the new world was discovered and colonized. It 



is expected that, by the aid of these exhibitions, students and 
visitors may be enabled to understand the state of artistic and 
industrial civilization in Europe and America in this important 
epoch, and to realize the influence which the one may have 
exercised upon the other. 

The period which the authorities in charge of the Historic- 
European Exposition desire especially to illustrate is that during 
which American history was most closely identified with that 
of Europe. This extends from 1492, when the Spanish 
caravels first reached the Antilles, to 1620, when the Mayflower, 
setting forth from a Dutch seaport, brought the English Puritans 
to New England. 

"The Columbian epoch," extending from the end of the 
fifteenth century through the first third of the seventeenth, 
includes most of the principal initial efforts for the exploration 
and colonization of the new continent by Europeans. By 
bringing together, in a retrospective exhibition, what remains 
to illustrate the arts and industries of Europe at this time, it 
is the desire of the Spanish authorities "to teach the people 
of to-day, what were the elements of civilization with which, 
on the side of the arts, Europe was then equipped for the task 
of educating a daughter, courageous and untamed, but beauti- 
ful and vigorous, who had risen from the bosom of the seas, 
and who, in the course of a very few centuries, was to be 
transformed from a daughter into a sister — a sister proud in 
aspiration and mighty in power. 

The exhibits in this Historic-American Exposition will 
be divided into three great series : one to include American 
pre-historic remains, the first indication of the existence of 
man in caves, neolithic monuments, lacustrine dwellmgs, and 
the arms and utensils of this primitive age : the second to 
illustrate the characteristics of the American Aborigines just 
prior to the discovery, and the third, the period of discovery, 
of conquest, and of European influence, up to the middle of 
the seventeenth century. 

It is proposed to have also a special group of objects, illus- 



trating the voyages of Columbus and his companions, as well 
as previous efforts for the discovery of a new continent. 

The Expositions will open on the 12th of September, and will 
continue until the 31st of December. They will be held in the 
new building erected for the national library and museums 
in the Paseo de Recoletos, and in the adjacent grounds and 
buildings of the Parque de Madrid. 

There will be other celebrations in connection with the 
Expositions, beginning with a Congress (scientific, literary and 
artistic) to take place at Huelva, on the 2nd of August, in com- 
memoration of the four hundredth anniversary of the depart- 
ure of the vessels of Columbus from the port of Palos. This 
will be followed by a session of the Congress of Orientalists, 
which will take place in the Alcazar in Seville, continuing from 
the 1st to the 6th of October; and the Ninth Congress of 
Americanists, in the Convent of La Rdbida, at Huelva, from the 
7th to the nth of October. On the i ith of October, there 
will be unveiled at La Rdbida a monument to commemorate 
the discovery of America. It is announced that there will 
be other festivals and naval demonstrations at Huelva, at various 
times from the 3rd of August to the 3rd of November. During 
the progress of the Expositions at Madrid, there will be other 
congresses and special exhibitions. 

The management of the Commemoration is vested in a Royal 
Commission, the President of which is the Prime Minister of 
Spain, His Excellency Don Antonio C^novas del Castillo, The 
president of the committee for the Historic-American Exposition 
is the Secretary of State, His Excellency the Duke of Tetuan. 
The president of the committee for the reception of the Con- 
gress of Americanists is His Excellency Don Antonio Maria 
Fabi^. Commissions have been organized in all of the 
Spanish-American Republics, by which very extensive exhibits 
will be secured, and special commissions have also been 
appointed by the Governors of the Spanish Provinces, and the 
Governors-General of the Antilles and the Phillippine Islands. 

Special commissions have been formed in the large cities of 



the United States, and the Government Commission is assured 
of the hearty sympathy and co-operation of these Committees. 

The Commission invites the co-operation of persons having 
objects of any kind suitable for exhibition on this occasion. 
The collections will be returned in January. Objects intended 
for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago may, by a 
special arrangement, be forwarded direct from Madrid to 
Chicago, in ample time for installation. 

It is especially desired that authors and publishers of books 
relating to the periods of discovery and conquest, and the 
colonial history of the several European settlements in America, 
shall exhibit them. The Commission and its staff will give 
special attention to the effective presentation of such publica- 
tions. 

Exhibits will be forwarded without charge to Madrid, and 
returned to the exhibitor free of expense, the Commission bear- 
ing the cost of transportation, and becoming responsible for 
the effective labeling and installation of the objects. All objects 
should be forwarded to Washington, if possible, before the 
first of July, addressed to The Madrid Commission, care of the 
Smithsonian Institution, Washington. The official classifica- 
tions of the two Expositions are appended to this circular. 

An international jury will examine the articles displayed, 
and award the prizes, which will consist of a first prize of 
honor, a gold medal, a silver medal, a brass medal, and an 
honorable mention, each medal being accompanied by a 
diploma. 

All communications should be addressed to 

THE MADRID COMMISSION, 

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 
WASHINGTON CITY. 



REPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF SPAIN TO THE QUEEN 
REGENT, CONCERNING THE COMMEMORATION 
OF THE FOURTH CENTURY OF THE DISCOVERY 
OF i^MERICA, 

[Translation] 

Senora: 

In deference to the glorious past of the country, your Majesty's 
previous Ministry submitted for Royal approval the two decrees 
of February 28, 1888, for an Exposition to commemorate, in a 
worthy manner, the Fourth Centenary of the discovery of 
America. In order to carry out these plans, inspired by sincere 
sentiments, with the efficacy and rapidity which such enter- 
prises demand, we have clearly traced, and indeed gone over, 
in great part, the road by which the desired end will be reached. 
But in spite of the good will of all, and for reasons which it 
would be idle to investigate at the present time, almost three 
years have gone by without anything having been prepared or 
even considered. 

Some very important rules have been adopted, notwithstand- 
ing, and are about to be put into execution by the zealous 
Commission appointed under the second of the aforenamed 
Royal Decrees. It will publish, without delay, scholarly 
volumes intended to illustrate minutely the history of the dis- 
covery and, in greater or lesser degree, cause the creation of 
works of art to contribute to the commemoration of that un- 
paralleled exploit. But even though counting upon such efforts, 
and upon the special poetic award recently offered by the Royal 
Spanish Academy, and upon other interesting projects of private 
associations, there is still much to be done and the time is very 
short. In order to facilitate the carrying out of the work, the 
present decree is offered which, upon some points, alters the 
former provisions, but retains the essential bases and elaborates 
them. 



8 

It is well known that though Columbus tore away the veil 
which hid the New from the Old World, to our country belongs 
the honor. If the holy Christian religion illumines to-day the 
consciences of the human race from Cape Horn to the heart 
of Mexico it is due to the Spaniards. If Europeans enjoy the 
wealth of the rich American soil, they owe a debt of gratitude 
to the untiring labor and to the unyielding valor of our fore- 
fathers. For these reasons, though the event may be of inter- 
national and cosmopolitan interest, it concerns above all the 
Spanish people on both hemispheres. So certain is this that 
foreign potentates repress the murmurings of ihtxr amour propre, 
and tacitly or expressedly accord to Spain the right to take the 
initiative in the commemoration of the event. And the peoples 
of the New World will admit, with greater reason even, that 
Spanish soil is like the fatherland of the Europeans in America, 
although they are not all descended from us, nor even speak 
our native tongue. But whilst we cannot refuse, without dis- 
honor, to undertake the flattering task assigned us, it would, 
on the other hand, be presumptuous to try to compete with 
the gigantic national demonstration of pride and enthusiasm 
which have been displayed in other places than Spain. For 
many well known reasons we are unable, for the present, to 
enter into such costly rivalries. 

The modesty of the people who have lost what once they 
held within their grasp, the destinies of the world, is suited to 
their dignity which might be compromised by vain ostentation. 

This must have been the conviction of Your Majesty's former 
Ministry when it did not think, as others did, that the Fourth 
Centenary of the discovery of America should be celebrated 
in Madrid by an international Exposition. But what is 
now proposed goes still farther, and does not limit the 
Exposition simply to an industrial exhibit by the Hispano- 
Americans, who recently proved, in their sumptuous structures 
at the Paris Exhibition, their common and increasing prosperity. 
It is not obligatory, for this reason, that such a display should 
be made at the approaching Centenary. Fortunately, we of 



the Peninsula and of America possess other elements which, 
together with those we may be able to borrow, for the purpose 
from foreigners, would be sufficient to form a basis for a 
demonstration appropriate to the occasion. No Hispano- 
American country can fail to possess, as does the Mother coun- 
try, in museums, and in the hands of private individuals, pre- 
Columbian relics and those contemporaneous with the dis- 
covery which, brought together, would excite their common 
remembrances with no slight benefit both as to science and art. 
Hence the Government of your Majesty proposes to organize 
a simple exhibit of such articles, renouncing, for lack of suffi- 
cient means and time, any more arduous enterprise. From 
such an Exposition might be gathered abundant fruits for the 
study of Archaeology, Anthropology, and above all of History, 
if, in view of the wishes of Spain and still more of the 
occasion which inspires them, other nations should concur, as 
there are many such possessing full collections of the desired 
objects. 

The Commission constituted in February, 1888, had begun 
to discuss another sort of Exposition, and the present Ministry 
has hastened to put it into execution. The plan is to collect 
the greatest number possible of the specimens of Iberian pro- 
ductions anterior to the discovery of America, from the time 
when the new nations of the Peninsula were being formed 
until, when triumphant within themselves, they sought and 
found vast territories beyond the seas in which to extend their 
power. By this means it will not only be possible but easy 
to compare the respective conditions of culture of conquered 
and conquerers at the time when they came together, without 
discriminating among the latter, between Spaniards and Portu- 
guese, although at present they belong to separate and inde- 
pendent States. The fame of incomparable discoverers belongs 
to us in common, and Spain has always included Portugal in 
its present plans. No one is ignorant that the cathedrals, 
churches, museums and private galleries of the nobility of the 
Peninsula contain precious works of Iberian art collected during 
the long period referred to, and, perhaps, for the greater part 



lO 

unknown. It may be hoped, therefore, that this second Expo- 
sition, combined with the first, will redound to the credit of 
both. 

Meanwhile, it is an important fact and the present Ministry 
does not forget that these two enterprises are not restricted by 
their official character, but will rather stimulate the zeal of 
private individuals, in general, and that of their several and 
independent centers of action. Any one who wishes to do so 
may bring to the common treasury his intelligence, and abilities 
with all the enthusiasm and freedom he possesses. But it can- 
not be denied that it is necessary that between the private 
individuals and the officials there should be established sufficient 
union as to render each other effectual assistance, and avoid, at 
least, disturbing each other in their respective efforts, so that 
the free actions of each may not degenerate into anarchy. And 
in fact it must be stated that this is not the least of the means, 
in virtue of which, the Ministry now proposes to Your Majesty 
to appoint a Committee of Direction which shall concentrate, 
assist, and lend organic force to all the elements offered to the 
enterprise. 

As a matter of course Your Majesty's Ministry will still have 
the supreme control, because of its greater powers and its 
national character; but this will not interfere with any private 
efforts which coincide with the endeavors to obtain a good 
result. 

The Expositions alluded to and many of the larger entertain- 
ments will, of course, take place in Madrid ; but the Ministry 
also desires that the assistance of the Committee of Direction, 
as well as that of the existing Commission, should be extended 
to the provinces and cities desiring it, and above all to such as 
possess the clearest titles as prominent actors in the Centenary 
celebration. Granada, Santa Fe, Valladolid, Barcelona, Sevilla 
and certain places in Huelva, all of which are doubtless included 
in the number, will to the best of their respective abilities 
join with Madrid in this laudable and patriotic manifesta- 
tion. But it is impossible not to recognize that Huelva, with 



II 



its never-to-be-forgotten though modest monastery of Santa 
Maria de la Rabida, and its neighboring coast, rather than port, 
of Palos de Moguer, where Columbus found asylum, resources 
and men to second and accompany him, and from which sailed 
the ships that first reached the New World, deserves on the 
part of the Government particular attention. It has been 
arranged that that place and that arm of the sea will be traversed, 
during the first days of the Centenary celebration, by the mem- 
bers of the Congress of Americanists who will celebrate in 
Huelva their ninth anniversary. 

On the other hand, the Committee appointed under the second 
of the decrees of 1888, so frequently cited, had already thought 
of commencing operations in those famous places on the occa- 
sion of the Centenary. It is now the part of the Government 
to see that those intentions are extended and fulfilled. And 
when all the foregoing shall have been well considered, it will 
be clearly seen that there remains so much to be done to carry 
out the intentions of the former and of the present Ministry, 
that assiduous and active work will be needed so as to com- 
bine all the elements into a useful and complete entirety. This 
is the object to be attained by the Committee of Direction which, 
in virtue of this decree, is to be appointed. In particular the 
Ministers, who form an important part of the Committee, 
from henceforward have no time to lose, knowing that, of neces- 
sity, they will have a most difficult and complicated part to 
perform. In these special duties the whole Ministry will assist, 
whenever necessary, without extravagant expectations- but 
without discouragement, should Your Majesty give your ap- 
proval to the accompanying project of the Royal Decree. 

Madrid, Jamiary p, i8qi. 

Senora : 

A. L. R. P. DE V. M., 
Antonio C^novas del Castillo. 



DECREE OF THE QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN CON- 
CERNING THE COMMEMORATION OF THE FOURTH 
CENTURY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 



Atendiendo a las razones que Me ha expuesto el Presidente 
del Consejo de Ministros ; 

En nombre de Mi Augusto Hijo el Rey D. Alfonso XIII, y 
como Reina Regente del Reino, 

Vengo en decretar lo siguiente : 

Articui.0 i.° L,a Comision nombrada por el segundo de los 
Reales decretos de 28 de Febrero de 1888, con ocasion de los 
festejos acordados por el Gobierno para conmemorar el cuarto 
Centenario del descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo, y de la cual 
forman parte las mas altas representaciones del Kstado, con- 
tinuara funcionando como hasta aqui, y poniendo por obra las 
resoluciones que haya adoptado ya, 6 que en lo sucesivo adopte. 

Art. 2.° Habra, por soparado, en adelante, una Junta direc- 
tiva del Centenario, compuesta de los tres individuos del 
Gobierno que mas eficazmente puedan intervinir en su cele- 
bracion, de varios miembros de la Comision referida, y de las 
personas que se designaran despues, la cual ha de atender, en 
primer termino, a la ejecucion de los proyectos que dieron 
especial materia al primero de los decretos antes citados, 
ejecucion encargada entonces a los Ministros de Estado, Guerra 
y Ultramar. Al propio tiempo servira de vinculo esta Junta 
entre el Gobierno en su conjunto, la Comision ya existente, y 
cuantas Corporaciones 6 Sociedades coadyuven voluntariamente 
al mayor lustre del Centenario. 

Art. 3.° I^a Exposici6n de objetos americanos de que trata 
el art. 2.° del referido primer decreto, no se extendera ya a 
aquellos que en la actualyiad caracterizan la cultura de los 
pueblos de America, ni a otros ningunos de la misma region que 
sean de posterior fecha a la mitad del siglo xvi. I/imitarase, 
por tanto, ahora a presentar de la manera mas completa que 
sea posible, segiin preceptuaba la primera parte de dicho art. 



2.", el estado en que se hallaban por los dias del descubrimiento, 
y de las principales conquiscas europeas, los pobladores de 
America, agrupando al efecto cuantos objetos concurran d dar 
idea del origen y progreso de su relativa cultura. 

Art. 4.° Todo lo demas dispuesto por virtud del articulo 
que lleva este mismo numero en el primer decreto mencionado 
permanece en su vigor, con exclusion de la mision maritima 
que el anterior articulo prevenia. 

Art. 5.° Juntamente con la Kxposicion definida en el tercer 
articulo de este decreto, se celebrara otra, en Madrid tambien, 
la cual ha de comprender las manifestaciones todas del trabajo 
y la cultura peninsular, desde principios de la restauracion 
visigoda hasta la segunda mitad del siglo xvi. 

Art. 6. ° El Gobierno adoptara por si, y desde luego, cuantas 
disposiciones sean necesarias para que una y otra Exposicion 
cuenten con edificios piiblicos capaces y bajo todos conceptos 
apropiados al caso. 

Art. 7.° Habiendose asimismo de celebrar el proximo Con- 
greso de Americanistas en Espaiia, el Gobierno de S. M., a 
quien ha quedado confiada la designacion de cuiday y de 
edificio, acuerda que tenga aquel lugar en la provincia de 
Huelva y su monasterio de Santa Maria de la Rabida, imme- 
diate a Palos de Moguer. 

Art. 8.° De conformidad con la precedente resolucion, el 
Gobierno tomara sin demora tambien las medidas indispens- 
ables para la consolidacion, restauracion, apropiacion y embel- 
lecimento posible del antecitado monasterio y sus alrededores, 
haciendo por igual manera mas accesible el embarcadero de 
Palos, a fin de facilitar las visitas que ha de atraer la conmem- 
oracion del grande acontecimiento en aquellos sitios comenzado. 

Art. 9.° L,a Junta directiva, como la Comision establecida 
tiempo hace, tendra por Presidente al del Consejo de Ministros, 
y su Vicepresidente sera asimismo miembro de la ultima. 

Art. 10. Formaran parte de esta Junta los Ministros de 
Estado, Fomento y Ultramar, directamente obligados a ejecutar 
sus acuerdos, el Alcalde de Madrid y los dos Secretaries de la 
Comision varias veces citada, sin contar otros miembros de ella 
que por distinto conceptos sean Uamados. Seran particular- 



14 

mente invitados a compartir los trabajos dela Junta el Ministro 
Plenipotenciario de Portugal y uno de las Republicas hispano- 
americanas. De igual modo se invitara a los Presidentes de la 
Union Ibero-aniericana, desde su fundacion, a los que actual- 
mente lo sean del Ateneo Cientifico, lyiterario y Artistico de 
Madrid, del Fomento de las Artes, de la Camara de Comercio, 
del Circulo de lu Union Mercantil y el de la Sociedad de 
Escritores y Artistas. Con identico derecho que los demas 
tomaran asimismo parte en las deliberaciones de dicha Junta, 
cuando lo soliciten, los Alcaldes de Granada, Valladolid, 
Barcelona y Huelva, y el Presidente de la Sociedad Colombina 
Onubense. Cuando no asuma su representacion correspon- 
diente cualquiera de las personas antecitadas, podra hacer sus 
veces la que legitinianiente le sustituya en sus funciones. 

Art. II. El Gobierno agregara a esta Junta en lo sucesivo 
a los representantes autorizados de cualesquiera otras Corpora- 
cione que contribuyan a las fiestas del Centenario. 

Art. 12. Tendra la Junta dos Secretarios y dos Vicesecre- 
tarios, escogidos fuera de las mencionadas categorias, pero con 
voz y voto como los demas. 

Art. 13. Ea Junta directiva se dividira on cuatro Secciones : 
una que el Ministro de Eztado presidira, y ha de tener a su 
cargo las necesarias gestiones para que de America y Europa 
se remita a Madrid el mayor numera posible de los objetos que 
requiere la Exposicion de Arqueologia y de Historia americana, 
asi como todo lo concerniente a su organizacion ; otra, de que 
sera Presidente el Ministro de Fomento, que, a la preparacion 
de los lugares y edificios publicos consagrados a Exposiciones 
y festejos, reunira el especial encargo de estimular y disponer 
la Exposicion del trabajo peninsular, durante las 6pocas ya 
determinadas ; otra que, bajo la presidencia del Ministro de 
Ultramar, entendera en todo lo referente al Congreso de Ameri- 
canistas en Huelva y a los festejos oficiales que en aquella 
provincia se celebren, preparando y ordenando ademas el trans- 
porte a la Peninsula de los objetos que de America se destiuen 
a las Exposiciones ; otra, por ultimo, cuya presidencia desem- 
peiiara el Vicepresidente de la Junta directiva, y que ha de 
tomar a su cargo cuanto tenga relacion con las Corporaciones 



15 

no oficiales que bajo cualquier forma tomen voluntaria parte 
en la conmemoracion del Centenario. 

Art. 14. IvOS dos Secretarios y los dos Vicesecretarios se 
repartiran entre estas cuatro Secciones. Se distribuiran asi- 
mismo los Vocales de la Junta directiva con la proporcion 
posible entre las dichas Secciones, procurando que a cana cual 
pertenezcan los que representan elementos mas congruentes a 
su especial encargo. 

Art. 15. A cada Seccion corresponde el nombramiento de 
Delegado general y Delegados especiales que hayan de estar al 
frente de las Exposiciones acordadas y de los demas actos y 
festejos que para la conmemoracion del Centenario dispongan. 

Art. 16. I^as reuniones de la Junta directiva como la de la 
Comision existente, se convocaran por su presidencia comiin, 
la cual debera acordarlas siempre que los Presidentes de Sec- 
ciones lo demanden. 

Art. 17. I^as fiestas de Huelva podran dar principio el 3 de 
Agosto de 1892, al amanecer, y dilatarse hasta el 3 de Noviem- 
bre del mismo afio. I,as Exposiciones y festejos de Madrid 
empezaran con iluminacion de los edificios piiblicos y de los de 
los particulares que lo tengan a bien en la noche del 11 al 12 
de Septiembre del afio citado. 

Art. 18. La nueva Junta directiva, asi como sus Secciones, 
disfrutaran en sus comunicaciones oficiales la franquicia postal 
y telegrafica que, tratandose de un servicio publico, corresponde. 

Art. 19. A la propia Junta queda especialmente sometida 
la reglamentacion general de las Exposiciones y de los festejos 
combinados, y desde luego ira preparandola para su oportuna 
publicacion. 

Art. 20. Queda derogado el primera de los decretos de 28 
de Febrero de 1888, en cuanto se oponga a las presentes dis- 
posiciones. Tambien se entendera modificado el segundo, si 
en algo se opone a ellas. 

Dado en Palacio a neuve de Enero de mil ochocientos noventa 

y uno. , 

MARIA CRISTINA. 

El Presidente del Consejo de Ministros, 

Antonio Canovas dsi, Castii,i<o, 



i6 



ACT OF CONGRESS PROVIDING FOR THE REPRESEN- 
TATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT THE 
COMMEMORATION OF THE FOURTH CENTURY 
OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 

[Public — No. 62.] 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the 
following sums, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, 
and the same are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the objects hereinafter 
expressed, for the service of the fiscal year eighteen hundred 
and ninety-two, namely : 

Columbian Historical Exposition at Madrid: For the 
expense of representation of the United States at the Columbian 
Historical Exposition to be held in Madrid in eighteen hundred 
and ninety-two in commemoration of the four hundredth anni- 
versary of the discovery of America, fifteen thousand dollars, 
or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be expended under 
the direction and in the discretion of the Secretary of State; and 
the President is hereby authorized to appoint a commissioner- 
general and two assistant commissioners, who may, in his 
discretion, be selected from the active or retired list of the Army 
or Navy, and shall serve without other compensation than that 
to which they are now entitled by law, to represent the United 
States at said exposition ; that it shall be the duty of such com- 
missioners to select from the archives of the United States, 
from the National Museum, and from the various Executive 
Departments of the Government such pictures, books, papers, 
documents, and other articles as may relate to the discovery 
and early settlement of America and the aboriginal inhabitants 
thereof; and they shall be authorized to secure the loan of similar 
articles from other museums and private collections, and arrange, 
classify, and install them as the exhibit of the United States at 
the said exposition ; that the President is authorized to cause 
the detail of officers from the active or retired list of the Army 
and Navy, to serve without compensation other than that to 
which they are now entitled by law, as assistants to said com- 
missioners; and the said commissioners shall be authorized to 
employ such clerical and other assistance as may be necessary, 
subject to the approval of the Secretary of State. 



CLASSIFICATION 

FOR THE 

Historic-American Exposition. 

Madrid, 1892. 



I. PRE-COLUMBIAN PERIOD. 



FIRST GROUP. 
Caverns. 
Models, reproductions, plans, drawings, etc., of ancient 
American caves which may show indications of having 
served as habitations of Man. 

Monuments, etc. 

Models, reproductions, plans, drawings, etc., of the pre- 
historic monuments of America, from the menhir, to the 
dolmens, tumuli and other megalithic monuments. 

Lake-dwellers. 
Models, reproductions, etc., of remains of lacustrine dwell- 
ings. 

[The representations of pre-historic monuments should be 
accompanied by the objects, found in or near them, or 
by reproductions.] 

Pre-historic Arts, etc. — Paleolithic and neolithic periods. 

Arms and instruments of stone. 

Instruments of horn and bone. 

Ceramics. 

Adornments and utensils of bone, ivory, marble, wood, stone 
or any other substance. 

Objects carved or engraved with stone instruments. 

Stone hammers and mortars. 

Fossils or bones of animals which serve to verify archaeo- 
logical discoveries. 

Copper and bronze objects. 



i8 

Objects belonging to other sciences, such as Geology and 
Paleontology, which may serve to throw light upon the 
so-called pre-historic age of America. 

SECOND GROUP. 

Historic Times. 

Monuments of Architecture. — Models or reproductions of ancient 
American buildings military, civic, religious, funereal, etc. 
Remains of walls, busts, capitals, architraves, friezes, cor- 
nices, etc. Polychromatic architecture. Architectonic 
monuments restored, in models or in drawings and plans. 

Monuments of Sculpture. — Statues, pieces or fragments of the 
same, busts, reliefs, etc,, including intaglio work. 

Monuments of Painting. — Paintings of all kinds. 

Monuments of Engraving . — Incised designs of all kinds. 

THIRD GROUP. 

Industrial and Fine Arts. 

Dress. — Costumes and parts and accessories. Adornments. 

Weapons and Arms. — Offensive and defensive weapons, of 
wood, copper, bronze, and iron. 

Gold and Silver Work. — Gold and silver articles, necklaces, 
earrings, etc. 

Carving. — Objects of bone, ivory, etc. 

Ceramics. — Objects of clay of all kinds. Glass. 

Copper and Bronze Work. — Copper and Bronze objects of all 
kinds. 

Iron Work. — Iron work of all kinds. 

Woven Goods. — Woven tissues and the textile products used 
in their manufecture. 

Stone and Ma^'ble Work. — All kinds of objects made of stone. 

Indiistrial and Artistic Materials. — Instruments, machinery, 
manufactures, and everything relating to the production of 
industrial or artistic articles. Means of locomotion by 
land, river or sea. 



19 

FOURTH GROUP. 

Literary Productions. 
Epigraphy .—knz\tx\\ inscriptions on different materials. 

Paleography. — Documents, manuscripts, etc. 

Cartography.— V\2i'as, charts, diagrams, and everything relating 
thereto. 

FIFTH GROUP. 

Appendix to the First Section. 

Naval Architecture , etc. — Remains or models of vessels, objects, 
utensils, etc., used in voyages toward America previous to 
the Columbian period, classified according to antiquity. 



II. COLUMBIAN AND POST-COLUMBIAN 

PERIOD. 



SIXTH GROUP. 

Nautical Adjuncts to the Discovery of Columbus. — Caravels, 
models and reproductions or drawings of the same, parts, 
rigging, etc. 

Astrolabes and mathematical and nautical instruments which 
may have been used in the vessels of discovery. Sailing 
charts and maps. 

SEVENTH GROUP. 

Cohunbus Relics.— 0\)]tas which might have belonged to 
Columbus. 

EIGHTH GROUP. 

Fine Arts. 

Monuments of Architectzire in post-columbian architecture, the 
product of American art as well as that of the Spanish or 
other European nations. 

Mo7i2iments of Sciilpture in America, of the post-columbian 
period, the product of American, Spanish or European art. 

Mommients of Painting of all kinds, American or European. 

• Movements of Engravijig of all kinds, American or European. 



20 

NINTH GROUP. 



hidusirial and artistic productions of this historic period either 
of purely American art or of Spanish and European art, if 
the fruits thereof were realized in America, dividing this 
group into Dress, Armor, etc. 



TENTH GROUP. 

American Numismatics. — Coins, paper money and postage 
stamps, from earliest times down to 1892. 



ELEVENTH GROUP. 

Scientific and literary productio7is. — Charts, plans, and works 
of ail kinds, in manuscript as well as printed, prepared since 
the discovery to the middle of the XVII Century, or relating 
to the period of discovery, exploration, conquest and 
colonization, American, Spanish, or belonging to other 
European nations. 



III. APPENDIX. 



TWELFTH GROUP. 

American Ethiiography. — Portraits, photographs, models, 
dress, etc., belonging to the ancient American races still in 
existence; manikins, with the dress, arms, etc. ; models of 
habitations, etc. 

In this group American Craniography will form a special 
division. 



CLASSIFICATION 

FOR THE 

Historic-European Exposition. 

Madrid, 1892. 



I. FINE ARTS. 

FIRST GROUP. 

Sculpture. — Statues, figures and reliefs in metal, stone, wood 
or marble. 
Medals, medallions and seals. Cameos and glyphs. 

Pamting. — Diptyches, triptyches, and other paintings upon 
wood, canvas, parchment or copper. 
Miniatures, codexes, and parchments. Drawings with pencil 
or pen. Mosaics, inlaid, or incrusted work. 

EngraviJig. — Engravings and etchings. 



II. INDUSTRIAL ARTS. 

SECOND GROUP. 

Fme Metal Work and Jewelry. — Reliquaries, chalices, tablets, 
paxes, shrines, etc. 
Crosses. 

Halos and coronas. 

Censers, candelabras, candlesticks and lamps. 
Crosiers, clasps, amulets and crosses for the neck. 
Fine metal work, repousse, filigree, niellos and enamels. 
Jewels and jewelry. 
Enamels. 

Objects of rock, crystal and precious stone. 
Hilts of batons, swords and poniards. 
Tobacco boxes, etc. 
Rings, brooches, etc. 



22 



THIRD GROUP. 

Mdal 7vork. — Figures, ornaments, etc., of iron work. 

Figures, ornaments, etc., of bronze, copper or other metals, 
chiseled, repousse or moulded. 

FOURTH GROUP. 

Panoply. — Defensive arms, armor, cuirasses, helmets and 
pieces of armor, shields, targets, bucklers, etc. 

Offensive arms, as swords, daggeis, poniards, knives, 
maces, lances, halberds, partizans, pikes, javelins, arrows, 
cross-bows, arquebuses, muskets, fire-locks, pistols, 
pistolets, culverins, etc. 

Banners, flags and other insignia. 



FIFTH GROUP. 

Apparel. — Mitres and sacerdotal vestments. 

Masks and jewels, male and female gala dresses. 
Badges and stars. 
Watches, fans and lace. 
Toilet utensils and needlework. 



SIXTH GROUP. 

Tapestry. — Altar ornaments, banners and traveling cloaks. 
Woven cloths embroidered or painted. 



SEVENTH GROUP. 

Furniture. — Chests of metal, marble and wood. 
Boxes, buffets, chests, secretaries, etc. 



EIGHTH GROUP. 

Ceramics a7id Glassware. — Earthenware, porcelain, terra cotta, 
glass, etc. 

NINTH GROUP. 

Artistic and Industrial Implements. 
Musical instruments. 

Instruments belonging to the arts and sciences. 
Bookbindings. 
Coaches, litters, sledges and other vehicles. 



« 



Press of W F Roberts, Washington 













9 
It 









o 











^^_ 






o^ « • * • # *^ 



"^- **.,,.• AT 



V ^^'^'^ ^W-- /■%. ^ 




V* .» 



• - * .0' 





^..^^ 




^/»<^- 













-ov^' : 




* «^ ^. » 







'o •^^ ^^ •^ 









WERT 
BOOkBI\DINC 

r.fanrwiie Pa 
May June 1988 



^0^ 













A^ ..*'•• "^^ 






